坪床紧实状况在高尔夫球场中的重要性

高尔夫球场土壤紧实度,通过影响植物赖以生存的土壤环境中水、肥、气、热状况,从而影响草坪草的生长及其对病虫害的抗性。良好的坪床结构和健康生长的草坪草是高尔夫球场正常运营的基本保证。通过了解高尔夫球场草坪土壤紧实状况,制定合理的灌溉等养护制度和适时适度的紧实度调整措施,使其达到最佳的紧实状况。     

山旱地种植夏黑葡萄技术特点

阐述夏黑葡萄在山旱地栽培技术特点,包括培肥土壤,应用V型架式培育幼树主干和结果母枝,夏季修剪,肥水管理,幼果膨大处理,病虫防治,以及促使果实着色和防止裂果技术。     

花生烂种缺蔸的产生原因及应对措施

正花生烂种缺蔸(也称为穴,但花生等低矮丛生作物多称为蔸)很常见,特别是春花生,发生多而重,轻的缺蔸、断垄,严重的须重新播种,费种、费工、费钱,还延误农时,应引起重视。一、烂种缺蔸的产生原因(一)温度因素春季气温时高时低、温差极大,不利于花生的播种、出苗。(二)土壤因素土壤墒情差,花生播种后吸收不到足够的水分,种子不会或难以萌动发芽。土壤过湿时,黏重,通透性差,易闷种(缺氧)腐烂。花生播种后要吸收其自身重量4     

Heavy Metals Residues in Soil,Feed and Beef of the Cattle Industry in Yili area of Xinjiang

In order to understand the situation of heavy metal residues of the beef industry chain in Yili area of Xinjiang.The heavy metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farm were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd)contents in soil samples were 0.03-0.20, 3.87-8.30, 0.15-0.23, 0.09-0.48 and 0.41-0.86 mg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in feed samples were 3.01-18.09, 75.35-94.27, 19.65-24.37, 0.06-1.04 and 1.81-8.46 μg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in beef samples were 0.23-0.54, 1.22-7.12, 0.28-0.53, 0.01-0.27 and 0.02-0.03 μg/kg, respectively.The correlation coefficient of the heavy metal element between soil and feed, feed and beef, soil and beef were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.98, respectively.It was concluded that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farms in Yili area did not exceed the standard and that in the soil, feed and beef had the high correlations.     

Determination and Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in the Soil from Beef Cattle Farms in Three Regions of Xinjiang

In order to study and evaluate the feeding environment of the beef cattle farms in Xinjiang, the contents of heavy mentals in the soil from 8 beef cattle farms in Xinjiang Aksu, Yili and Tacheng regions were tested according to the Field of Livestock and Poultry Environment Quality Standard (NY/T 388—1999).The atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used to determine the contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr.The mean contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in 8 beef cattle farms soil were 0.389, 0.568, 22.708, 0.573 and 149.449 mg/kg, respectively, and they were all below the upper limit of NY/T 388—1999.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of 8 beef cattle farms were 0.577 to 0.994, and the index were 0.7 to 1 of two observation points in Yili and one observation point in Tacheng.The soil environment quality of these 3 farms were at the level of slight cleaning.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of other five observation points were ≤0.7, the soil environment was in a clean level.The soil environment of beef cattle farms in these three regions conformed to the standards of livestock for environment quality and safe products.     

衢州市优质椪柑生产中土壤和水分管理技术措施

介绍衢州市优质椪柑生产中土壤和水分管理技术措施,包括深翻改土、增施石灰、计划生草、椪柑园覆盖、银色反光地膜覆盖、排水、灌水等方面内容,以促进当地椪柑栽培经济效益的提高。     

近40年大兴区耕地土壤有机质时空变异特征及其影响因素

研究长时期的土壤有机质(SOM)时空动态变化规律对指导大都市边缘区耕地保护、农田土壤肥力提升和农业生产管理具有重要意义。通过综合运用GIS、地统计学与数据统计分析方法,研究北京市大兴区近40年来五个时期(1980、1990、2000、2006、2017)耕地SOM的时空变异特征,并对其影响因素进行定量分析。结果表明:近40年来大兴区土壤有机质的动态变化表现为短期下降但整体呈上升趋势,从1980年的Ⅴ级地为主到2017年以Ⅳ级地为主,土壤有机质含量均值从9.36 g kg-1上升到14.87 g kg-1,增加了58.87%;大兴区五个时期的土壤有机质含量变异系数范围为0.22～0.38,均属中等程度变异;五个时期SOM的块金系数C0/Sill分别为50.00%、45.45%、49.92%、43.19%和38.17%,说明随着时间推移区域耕地资源的本底因素引起的异质性愈占主导;SOM的空间最大相关距离在8.14～14.57 km范围内波动;大兴区耕地土壤有机质含量整体上升,其主要受到土壤质地、土壤类型、种植作物类型和人为耕作管理活动的影响。在未来的农田管理过程中,应改善土壤结构,施用有机肥,强化对农田土壤的有效管理,提高土壤肥力。     

用SahysMod模型研究不同灌排管理情景土壤水盐动态

银北灌区是宁夏土地整治和高标准灌溉绿洲农田建设的重点区域。该区域耕荒地交错分布、土壤盐渍化严重。通过模型分区模拟,在土地整治过程中建立完整、配套的灌排系统是解决区域土壤盐渍化的有效措施。该研究以银北灌区典型区域-西大滩为例,综合考虑荒地与耕地土壤属性的空间变异性,以2015—2016年土壤盐分数据进行率定,2017年盐分数据作为验证,利用SahysMod探索在土地整治过程中不同灌排管理下未来10 a内土壤水盐动态变化。结果表明,现有灌排管理下(即灌水量为670 mm,灌溉水电导率为1.05 dS/m,排水沟深1.5 m),荒地土壤盐分在预测初期(2017—2022年)逐年升高,预测后期(2023—2027年)变化平缓;耕地土壤盐分在预测初期变化缓慢,预测后期逐年增加。加大灌水量是解决土壤盐渍化的一个重要途径,可以有效延迟耕地盐分累积到障碍水平的时间;在灌溉水电导率为0.6 dS/m情况下,未来10 a内耕地都不会受到盐害胁迫;现有灌排管理下,在2024年以后作物生长就会受到盐害胁迫,当灌溉水电导率继续增加时,作物生长受到胁迫的时间相应提前。通过土地整治,加深排水沟深度可以延迟土壤盐分达到障碍水平的时间。在整治过程中深为2.2 m的排水沟,可保证未来10 a内耕地盐分小于1.7 dS/m,区域内玉米可正常生长。研究可为在土地整治过程中的灌排管理及土壤盐渍化防治提供建议。